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[張航]

三皇五帝究竟是誰
張航/編著

我國古代有把遠古三個皇帝
和上古五個帝王合稱為三皇五帝的傳說，
秦始皇為表示其地位之崇高無比，
曾采用三皇之『皇』、
五帝之『帝』
構成『皇帝』的稱號。

那麼，三皇五帝究竟是誰？說法頗多分歧。
　　《史記‧秦始皇本紀》說，
天皇、地皇、泰皇為三皇，
且認為泰皇最貴。

那麼，泰皇是誰？
《太平御覽》卷七十八引《春秋緯》
提出天皇、地皇、人皇為三皇的另一種看法，
似乎泰皇即人皇。

《尚書大傳》和《白虎通義》等，
則又主張三皇應為燧人、伏羲、神農，
而《運斗樞》、《元命苞》等緯書，
除了認同伏羲、神農外，
補上了創造人類的女媧。
此外，《帝王世紀》以伏羲、神農、黃帝為三皇，
《通鑒外紀》又以伏羲、神農、共工為三皇。
由此看來，伏羲、神農佔了三皇之兩席，
諸說基本一致，而第三位究竟是誰，分歧較大。
　　
至於五位古帝，說法也各異。
《世本》、《大戴記》、《史記‧五帝本紀》
列黃帝、顓頊、帝嚳、唐堯、虞舜為五帝；
而《禮記‧月令》以
太皞（伏羲）、炎帝（神農）、黃帝、少皞、顓頊為五帝；
《尚書序》、《帝王世紀》則視
少昊（皞）、顓頊、高辛（帝嚳）、唐堯、虞舜為五帝。
此外，又有把五方天神合稱為五帝的神話。
東漢王逸註《楚辭‧惜誦》中的『五帝』為五方神，
即東方太皞、南方炎帝、西方少昊、北方顓頊、中央黃帝。
三皇五帝中，
五帝一般采取《史記‧五帝本紀》的說法，
至於三皇，則無從確定了。

Who are three emperors and five emperors on earth
There are three emperors in a time immemorial in ancient times in our country
Shut the legend called three emperors and five emperors with five emperors in ancient times,
Qin Shihuang, in order to express its status is lofty and incomparable,
Zeng adopt three emperor" The emperor ",
Five emperor " The Supreme Being "
Form " emperor "'s title.

Then, who are three emperors and five emperors on earth? The statement as lot of difference.
" a discipline of Historical Records Qin Shihuang " is said,
Mikado, ground emperor, Thai emperor are three emperors,
And think the Thai emperor is the most expensive.

Then, who is the Thai emperor?
" resist and look at peacefully " Vol. 78 is guided " spring and autumn the latitude "
Propose the emperors of Mikado, ground, emperors of people are three emperors' another kind of view,
It seems that the Thai emperor is emperors of people.

" heavy to spread Shu have by Shang " and " white tiger's coherent justice ",etc.,
Maintain again three emperors should be flint person, Fu Xi, legendary god of farming,
And " transport pivot of fighting ", " yuans of life bud " latitude book,
Besides approving Fu Xi, legendary god of farming,
Have filled and created human Nukua.
In addition, " emperor century " regards Fu Xi, legendary god of farming, Huang Ti as three emperors,
" discipline outside the open ancient bronze mirror " regards Fu Xi, legendary god of farming, Gong Gong as three emperors again.
In view of this, Fu Xi, legendary god of farming have accounted for two dinner of three emperors',
All say unanimously basically, and who is the third on earth, difference relatively heavy.

As for five ancient emperors, the statement is different too.
" generation one ", " wear and write greatly ", " five emperors and a discipline of Historical Records "
It is five emperors to arrange Huang Ti, Chuan Hsu, the emperor Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun;
And Israel of " moon order of Book of Rites "
Very much (Fu Xi) , inflammation emperor ( Legendary god of farming) , Huang Ti, lacking, Chuan Hsu are five emperors;
" minister's preface ", " emperor century " looking at
Lack Hao ( ), Chuan Hsu, tall and hard ( The Supreme Being Ku) , Tang Yao, Yu Shun are five emperors.
In addition, shut five square god the mythology called five emperors.
" five emperors " in " the Songs of the South is cherished and read aloud " in the ease note of east Han Wang are five square spirit,
Namely very much, southern inflammation emperor, western few Hao, northern Chuan Hsu, central Huang Ti in the east.
Among three emperors and five emperors,
Five emperors generally adopt the statements of " five emperors and a discipline of Historical Records ",
As for three emperors, have had no way of fixing.